动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义的用法例举

1. 不定式作定语，不定式结构常表示被动关系，即用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，这种情形常出现在“There be +主语 + 修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+ 修饰宾语的不定式”结构中。特别是“主语 + have宾语 + 修饰宾语的不定式”结构中，例如：

There is a lot of work to do.

He has a family to support.

He has a meeting to attend.

Give him some books to read.

Pass them the names of the people to connect.

2．在：“主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + to do ”结构中，宾语是不定式的逻辑宾语，而句子的主语可能是动词不定式的逻辑主语，也可能不是。此时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

I found the fellow hard to get along with.

我发现那个家伙很难相处。( “I”是 ”to get along with” 的逻辑主语)

He makes his lesson easy to understand.

他的课让人容易理解。 （“he”不是 “to understand” 的逻辑主语）

3．动词不定式前加疑问代词构成“疑问代词 + to do”结构。这个结构中尽管动词不定式与疑问代词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，却用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

I don’t know what measures to take to solve the problems.

The question is what to do next.

4．不定式作定语修饰名词作give , have, get, buy , lend, want等动词的宾语，。且句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动式，但和宾语有被动关系。

I have a lot of work to do tonight.

Please give me something to eat, I’m hungry.

5．形容词pleasant, nice, easy, simple, light, hard, difficult, heavy, interesting, fit, dangerous，safe, comfortable, impossible, cheap, important等后接动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 It’s difficult for people to cross the river.

The small town is difficult to find on the map.

The maths problem are too difficult to work out.

6．在“This / That is + 名词+ to do ”结构中，如果不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，则用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

This is a hard question to answer.

That is a nice place to visit.

7．be + to do下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

The house is to lent.

A lot remains to do.