1. The goal of CLT is to develop students communicative competence.

2. What is communicative compentence?

3. Try to list some of its components and their implication to teaching.

Communicative compentence refers to both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations. According to Hedge, it includes five components.

Linguistic competence --- knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning Pragmatic competence --- the appropriate use of language in social context

Discourse competence --- one s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them (ability to express or to understand a topic logically and coherently by effectively employing or comprehending the cohesive markers used in the discourse /ability to initiate, develop, enter, interrupt, check, or confirm in a conversation)

Strategic competence --- strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resources

Fluency---- one s ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate slowness or undue hesitation

4.Implications for teaching and learning:

Linguistic competence

Teachers need to help learners

----achieve accuracy in the grammatical forms of the language;

----pronounce the forms accurately;

----use stress, rhythm, and intonation to express meaning;

----build a range of vocabulary;

----learn the script and spelling rules;

----achieve accuracy in syntax and word formation.

Pragmatic competence

Teachers need to help learners

---learn the relationship between grammatical forms and functions;

---use stress and intonation to express attitude and emotion;

---learn the scale of formality;

---understand and use emotive tone;

---use the grammatical rules of language;

---select language forms appropriate to topic, listener, or setting, etc.

Discourse competence

Teachers need to help learners

----take longer turns, use discourse markers and open and close conversations;

----appreciate and be able to produce contextualised written texts in a variety of genres; ----be able to use cohesive devices in reading and writing texts;

----be able to cope with authentic texts.

Strategic competence

Teachers need to enable learners

----to take risks in using the language;

----to use a range of communicative strategies;

----to learn the language needed to engage in some of these strategies, e.g. What do you call a thing that/person who…